Airliner Seats ...

[smjmitchell]

Who are are the main manufacturers of airliner seats ?

Do Boeing / Airbus and other airliner manufacturers design and make their
own or are they supplied under contract by companies that specialise in the
manufacture of seats ?

How much standardization is their in seats ... i.e. are they interchangable
between aircraft types or does each aircraft type have a special seat design
?

[Orval Fairbairn]

In article >,
"smjmitchell" > wrote:

> Who are are the main manufacturers of airliner seats ?
>
> Do Boeing / Airbus and other airliner manufacturers design and make their
> own or are they supplied under contract by companies that specialise in the
> manufacture of seats ?
>
> How much standardization is their in seats ... i.e. are they interchangable
> between aircraft types or does each aircraft type have a special seat design
> ?


Most seats, like a lot of components, are farmed out to specific
vendors. I doubt that Airbus seats would slip right into a Boeing,
although the would, if you installed the proper mounting rails.

[ShawnD2112]

SM-
It's a fairly complex situation, with regards to seat design and supply.
Seats, as well as a majority of the cabin furnishings and equipment, are
classified as BFE - Buyer Furnished Equipment. That means the
airline/operator decides what seat product he wants to use and buys it from
the seat vendor and either has it shipped to Boeing or Airbus for new build,
or makes arrangements for the new seats to be retrofitted into existing
aircraft.

There are about a half dozen main seat manufacturers in the world, such as
BE Aerospace, Britax, Koyto, Recaro, to name a few. They typically do the
engineering design, testing, certification, and manufacturing to
requirements and aesthetic designs usually determined by the purchasing
airline. There are some standard seats that are offered off the shelf by
seat manufacturers but those are typically only economy or shorthaul seats
and are not often bought my major mainline airlines. Business Class and
First Class seats are almost always bespoke designs done for a specific
airline (good examples are the first class seats of British Airways, Virgin,
Singapore, Emarites, American). The reason for that is that airlines
differentiate between themselves as well as within their own on-board brands
through the on-board product and it's a real race to have the best seat in
the business. And the airlines are very secretive about their development
programs and normally protect the intellectual property rights of their
seats to the hilt.

Boeing and Airbus design the aircraft structure and seat rails to withstand
certain loads up to 16Gs (but I forget the design weight of seat/passenger).
Boeing's real responsibility ends at the seat rail. The seat manufacturer
has to design his attachments and the seat structure so as not to dislodge
or deform up to 16Gs. When an airline specifies new seat or buys one off
the shelf, Boeing will typically have to do a load analysis to ensure that
the seat/rail interface will be up to the job.

Not all seats are certified for all aircraft for two major reasons. One is
layout and specifics of the design. For instance, a first class seat for a
777 will not automatically work in the nose of a 747 because the seat rails
in the nose of the 747 are not parallel to the fuselage, they curve inwards
following the shape of the nose. This means a straight-ahead crash case
would put a slight sideways and twisting load on the structure that the 777
wouldn't. So the same seat would have to be fully tested and certified
seperately for both the 747 and 777. The other reason is related to the
first in that these tests and certification processes are very expensive.
There's not really much incentive to certify a seat for a 777 if you have no
customers who are interested at the moment. The airlines understand that
certification for their specific aircraft type and layout is part of the
deal when buying a bespoke seat. For an off-the-shelf seat, a manufacturer
may get his seat certified in a whole bunch of aircraft to give his product
a wider target market (BE Aerospace's "Spectrum" shorthaul seat is a case in
point).

And finally, it gets more complicated when you look at the aircraft layout
overall. Though they feel it, not all seats are the same, even in economy.
There's the quadruple set in the middle of the 747, for instance, then there
are the triples on the outside, there's the front row which have meal trays
configured differently, quite often an exit row may have a different design
again, crew seats have extra harnesses so are different again, and it can
just go on and on depending on how specialized the layout in the cabin is.
Each variant of the basic design has to be tested and certified.

That's a quick primer on how airline seats are managed. Hope it helps
answer your question.

Shawn



"smjmitchell" > wrote in message
u...
> Who are are the main manufacturers of airliner seats ?
>
> Do Boeing / Airbus and other airliner manufacturers design and make their
> own or are they supplied under contract by companies that specialise in
the
> manufacture of seats ?
>
> How much standardization is their in seats ... i.e. are they
interchangable
> between aircraft types or does each aircraft type have a special seat
design
> ?
>
>
>
>
>
>

[smjmitchell]

Thanks Shawn ... much appreciated. You seems to have a lot of knowledge in
this area.

Some further questions if you don't mind.

1. You have given me the names of 4 seat manufacturers. Can you remember any
others (you mention that there may be as many as half dozen).

2. Do you have any idea what is the weight of a typical seat for say a 747
or 777 ? I understand that this will vary depending on the configuration
but is there some nominal weight that the aircraft manufacturer nominates
(obviously the weight of the seat will have a bearing on the load and seat
track loading so presumably Boeing et al provides some guidance on weight)
or is it simply up to the seat manufacturers to make them as light as
possible and then hope that the aircraft manufacturers calculations show
positive margins WRT floor and track loads.

3. I dunno if you know anything aboutthis but what is the normal approach
for the certification of a seat ... are they normally TSO'd, approved as
part of the type design (unlikely) or perhaps STC'd. Do you need a STC to
fit a TSO'd seat ... how does it work ???

4. Do you know anything about dynamic testing of seats (i.e. sled tests with
crash test dummies) ... do most of the manufacturers do this in house or do
they reply on external testing agencies ? How many sled runs are typically
required to certificate a seat ?? Do they test every seat or rely on some
extrapolation of results for variants of the same basic model.

Thanks,

Steve



"ShawnD2112" > wrote in message
...
> SM-
> It's a fairly complex situation, with regards to seat design and supply.
> Seats, as well as a majority of the cabin furnishings and equipment, are
> classified as BFE - Buyer Furnished Equipment. That means the
> airline/operator decides what seat product he wants to use and buys it
from
> the seat vendor and either has it shipped to Boeing or Airbus for new
build,
> or makes arrangements for the new seats to be retrofitted into existing
> aircraft.
>
> There are about a half dozen main seat manufacturers in the world, such as
> BE Aerospace, Britax, Koyto, Recaro, to name a few. They typically do the
> engineering design, testing, certification, and manufacturing to
> requirements and aesthetic designs usually determined by the purchasing
> airline. There are some standard seats that are offered off the shelf by
> seat manufacturers but those are typically only economy or shorthaul seats
> and are not often bought my major mainline airlines. Business Class and
> First Class seats are almost always bespoke designs done for a specific
> airline (good examples are the first class seats of British Airways,
Virgin,
> Singapore, Emarites, American). The reason for that is that airlines
> differentiate between themselves as well as within their own on-board
brands
> through the on-board product and it's a real race to have the best seat in
> the business. And the airlines are very secretive about their development
> programs and normally protect the intellectual property rights of their
> seats to the hilt.
>
> Boeing and Airbus design the aircraft structure and seat rails to
withstand
> certain loads up to 16Gs (but I forget the design weight of
seat/passenger).
> Boeing's real responsibility ends at the seat rail. The seat manufacturer
> has to design his attachments and the seat structure so as not to dislodge
> or deform up to 16Gs. When an airline specifies new seat or buys one off
> the shelf, Boeing will typically have to do a load analysis to ensure that
> the seat/rail interface will be up to the job.
>
> Not all seats are certified for all aircraft for two major reasons. One
is
> layout and specifics of the design. For instance, a first class seat for
a
> 777 will not automatically work in the nose of a 747 because the seat
rails
> in the nose of the 747 are not parallel to the fuselage, they curve
inwards
> following the shape of the nose. This means a straight-ahead crash case
> would put a slight sideways and twisting load on the structure that the
777
> wouldn't. So the same seat would have to be fully tested and certified
> seperately for both the 747 and 777. The other reason is related to the
> first in that these tests and certification processes are very expensive.
> There's not really much incentive to certify a seat for a 777 if you have
no
> customers who are interested at the moment. The airlines understand that
> certification for their specific aircraft type and layout is part of the
> deal when buying a bespoke seat. For an off-the-shelf seat, a
manufacturer
> may get his seat certified in a whole bunch of aircraft to give his
product
> a wider target market (BE Aerospace's "Spectrum" shorthaul seat is a case
in
> point).
>
> And finally, it gets more complicated when you look at the aircraft layout
> overall. Though they feel it, not all seats are the same, even in
economy.
> There's the quadruple set in the middle of the 747, for instance, then
there
> are the triples on the outside, there's the front row which have meal
trays
> configured differently, quite often an exit row may have a different
design
> again, crew seats have extra harnesses so are different again, and it can
> just go on and on depending on how specialized the layout in the cabin is.
> Each variant of the basic design has to be tested and certified.
>
> That's a quick primer on how airline seats are managed. Hope it helps
> answer your question.
>
> Shawn
>
>
>
> "smjmitchell" > wrote in message
> u...
> > Who are are the main manufacturers of airliner seats ?
> >
> > Do Boeing / Airbus and other airliner manufacturers design and make
their
> > own or are they supplied under contract by companies that specialise in
> the
> > manufacture of seats ?
> >
> > How much standardization is their in seats ... i.e. are they
> interchangable
> > between aircraft types or does each aircraft type have a special seat
> design
> > ?
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>

[Fritz]

smjmitchell > wrote:

> Who are are the main manufacturers of airliner seats ?
>
> Do Boeing / Airbus and other airliner manufacturers design and make their
> own or are they supplied under contract by companies that specialise in the
> manufacture of seats ?

I doubt that more than 25-30% of an airliner is done in house, starting
from engine to fuel tanks, to avionics and servocontrols, landing gear
and so on they all comes form vendors. Nowadays the two bigs are trying
to have vendors sharing the risk (it means developing at own risk, and
getting payed only when the aircraft is sold).

Seats are part of the items coming from vendors off sure.

--
Fritz

[Luca Arnulfo]

"ShawnD2112" > wrote:

> Boeing and Airbus design the aircraft structure and seat rails to withstand
> certain loads up to 16Gs (but I forget the design weight of seat/passenger).

170 pounds according to JAA JAR 25.562 Change 15. it maybe it has
changed recently.

--
Luca
http://www.geocities.com/lucaarnu/

[Luca Arnulfo]

smjmitchell > wrote:

> 3. I dunno if you know anything aboutthis but what is the normal approach
> for the certification of a seat ... are they normally TSO'd, approved as
> part of the type design (unlikely) or perhaps STC'd.

JTSO–C25a Aircraft Seats and Berths (Type 1 Transport 6 g Forward Load)
JTSO–C39b Aircraft Seats and Berths

--
Luca
http://www.geocities.com/lucaarnu/