I think there may be a general misunderstanding in this thread. You
have to distinguish between two different scenarios. 1) Approaches in
controlled or uncontrolled airspace WITH communication to ATC; and 2)
Approaches in uncontrolled airspace WITHOUT communication to ATC.
Both scenarios assume uncontrolled airports, i.e. no tower, radio or
RCO (remote controlled outlet) on the field (in those cases there's
always someone to talk to and get missed approach instructions or
instructions after the missed is commenced).

1) You are at one time on the way to the airport high enough to talk
to ATC. ATC clears you for *AN* approach (this is the correct
phraseology; which approach you do is up to you). YOU ensure terrain
and obstacle clearance from then on using the information on the
approach plate both for the actual approach and for the missed (e.g.
YOU decide if you need a shuttle hold etc.). The missed will get you
back in contact with ATC. Your clearance limit is the last fix in the
missed approach instruction. You WILL be able to talk to ATC by then;
otherwise follow lost comm. procedure. It's the same in the US: At
or before the missed hold you will talk to ATC or go lost comm., only
that there is very rarely a missed hold in Canada (and then only for
terrain in mountainous areas).

2) This may be a concept unknown in the US: In Canada, you can do a
complete IFR flight in IMC or VMC without ever talking to ATC or
without ever getting a clearance, including take off, cruise, approach
and missed. All that's required is that you are in uncontrolled
airspace, squawk 1000 in low airspace, ensure terrain and obstacle
clearance, talk to the required MFs (mandatory frequencies) and
broadcast all your intentions on 126.7. In this case, you do what you
have to do and on the missed, go wherever you can land. Should you
have to enter controlled airspace, contact ATC and get a clearance.
You can NOT enter controlled airspace without a clearance if you are
not VFR.
That's it - no more, no less. On the missed, you either talk to ATC
(or you follow lost comm. procedures) or you are uncontrolled and on
your own.

Gerd