Turbulence usually signifies cumuloform clouds and clear, instead of
rime, ice. Clear ice, as you no doubt know, is much worse than rime.

Yes, except in the winter. Here in PA (I live just 50 miles north of
Williamsport) we often have strong turbulence in the winter with no
clouds at all. A clear day with 40 knots at say 6000 feet over the
mountains will make it very rought down low with no clouds at all.

Yes, I've experienced that both winter and summer, over these
mountains, but I meant in IFR. And about 50 years ago, when I was in
the marines, I hit very strong turbulence at 10,000 in CAVU wx over
Florida, of all places! Not many ridges there.

vince