Newps schrieb:

I consider the effects of P-factor and torque to be design defects.

Christ your an idiot. Until you change the laws of physics you're stuck
with those 'design defects'.

Be extra careful before calling names! Even when you don't like the poster.

Of course the effects of the P-factor can be overcome by appropriate
design. The most simple solution would be the possibility to trim all
three axis. As this seems to be a pretty straight forward and cheap
solution, I've never understood why this isn't offered in all airplaes.
Sure would make flying a light single more enjoyably. Yes, I even agree
that this avoidance could be called a design defect.

On the more expensive level (much more expensive, I would guess), you
can overcome the P-factor effects by using two contra-rotating coaxial
propellors. This would not only overcome the effects of the P-factor,
but also those caused by torque. Kamov helicopters are an example of
such a design.

Contra-rotating coaxial propellors not only solve the P-factor and
torque, but they make the propellor more efficient, too. Probably too
little effect compared to the additional cost and complexity, so it has
been realized only rarely. Tupolev 114 is an example. (In marine
applications, you find contra-rotating coaxial propellors more often.)

Stefan