https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonov_An-12

The Antonov An-12 (Russian: ??????? ??-12; NATO reporting name: Cub) is a
four-engined turboprop transport aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. It is
the military version of the Antonov An-10 and has many variants.

The first prototype An-12 flew in December 1957. Over 900 had been built (both
military and civilian versions) when Soviet production finally ended in 1973.
The An-12BP entered Soviet military service in 1959. In terms of configuration,
size, and capability, the aircraft is similar to the United States-built
Lockheed C-130 Hercules. Soviet military and former-Soviet An-12s have a
defensive tail gun turret.

Role
Civil and military transport aircraft

Manufacturer
Antonov

First flight
16 December 1957

Introduction
1959

Status
Active service with various airlines (especially cargo) and air forces

Primary users
Belarus Air Force
Aeroflot
PLA Air Force

Produced
1957–1973

Number built
1,248

Developed from
Antonov An-10

Variants
Shaanxi Y-8

In the 1960s, China purchased several An-12 aircraft from the Soviet Union,
along with a license to assemble the aircraft locally. Due to the Sino-Soviet
split, the Soviet Union withdrew its technical assistance and the first flight
of a Chinese-assembled An-12 was delayed until 1974. The Xi'an Aircraft Company
and Xi'an Aircraft Design Institute worked to reverse-engineer the An-12 for
local production.

In 1981, the Chinese version of the An-12, designated Y-8, entered production.
Since then, the Y-8 has become one of China's most popular military and civilian
transport/cargo aircraft, with many variants produced and exported. A Tu-16/H-6
bomber navigator cockpit design was chosen for the Y-8 instead of the original
An-12 shorter navigator cockpit design, as the H-6 bomber had been in serial
production for some time. Although the An-12 is no longer in production either
in Russia or in Ukraine, the Y-8 is upgraded and produced in China. The latest
Y8-F600 is a joint venture between the Shaanxi Aircraft Company, Antonov
Aeronautical Scientific Technical Complex (ASTC), and Pratt & Whitney Canada.
The Y8-F600 has a redesigned fuselage, western avionics, PW150B turboprop
engines with an R-408 propeller system, and a two-crew glass cockpit. It is
unknown whether the Shaanxi Y-8 remains in production.

Specifications (An-12)

General characteristics
Crew: five: two pilots, flight engineer, navigator, radio operator
Payload: 20,000 kg (44,000 lb)
Length: 33.10 m (108 ft 7 in)
Wingspan: 38.00 m (124 ft 8 in)
Height: 10.53 m (34 ft 7 in)
Wing area: 121.7 m² (1,310 ft²)
Empty weight: 28,000 kg (62,000 lb)
Useful load: 60 paratroopers (two BMD-1 armoured vehicles)
Max. takeoff weight: 61,000 kg (130,000 lb)
Powerplant: 4 × Ivchenko AI-20L or AI-20M turboprops, 4,000 ehp (3,000 kW) each

Performance
Maximum speed: 777 km/h (419 knots, 482 mph)
Cruise speed: 670 km/h (361 knots, 415 mph)
Range:
With maximum fuel: 5,700 km (3,075 nm, 3,540 mi)
With maximum load: 3,600 km (1,945 nm, 2,235 mi))

Service ceiling: 10,200 m (33,500 ft)
Rate of climb: 10m/s (1960ft/min)

Armament

Guns: 2× 23 mm (0.906 in) Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannons in a tail turret (some
aircraft)




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