On Monday, June 8, 2020 at 1:14:41 PM UTC-6, Charlie M. (UH & 002 owner/pilot) wrote:
Soooo....."no welding allowed"......how do they make the ring? Just asking......usually round "wire/rod", bent, welded together.....
Shrug....

Forging a ring involves bending the stock in a circle with varying amounts of overlap- sometimes one or more full circles, but more often a lap of about 1/3 the circumference. Then it is heated to a bright, glowing temperature and beaten into the final shape. Hardening is sometimes done by quenching in oil. Linked rings are made by forging the first ring and looping the second though it and forging by the same method.