wrote in message
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Where are the regulations/guidelines for CFI's acting/logging dual
instruction? I have even recently heard that a new ruling specifies that
a CFI
providing instruction does not even require a 2nd-class medical since they
are not
being paid as a pilot?

There are no FARs governing what constitutes instruction time. The CFI logs
instruction whenever he thinks he is giving instruction, no matter what seat
he is occupying. There is not even a requirement that the CFI be on board
the airplane. Whenever the CFI gives instruction, he must endorse the
logbook of the student and note what instruction was given. The CFI logs PIC
whenever he gives instruction, whether he is able to act as PIC or not. The
CFI does not require a medical at all if someone else is able to act as PIC.
Otherwise the CFI requires only a third class medical; this is not a ruling,
it is in the FARs. It has nothing to do with whether the CFI is being paid
as a pilot.