"Oelewapper" wrote:
Dear friends,
I'm really shocked, I have to say, to see how
some members of what is
essentially the U.S. military apparatus, and
its fans and employees, have
been working the numbers throughout this news-thread:
Since when are we
taking civilian casualties (the so-called "collateral
damage") as a positive
measure (rather than a negative one) for military
planning (say "3 japanese
children, women or elderly = 1 G.I."). And
since when are fire-bombings
that are (almost) exclusively aimed at civilian,
urban populations a
justified means of fighting a war? Since when
is the A-bombing of Nagasaki
(also executed for scientific reasons) a legitimate
way of scaring a third
country like the U.S.S.R., or making sure that
the U.S. would occupy Japan
before the Russians could? And since when is
the mass destruction of cities
and innocent civilian populations a justified
means for a nation to make
sure that it can win a war, even it is a world
war? Isn't collective
punishment a war crime according to the Geneva
Conventions? Shouldn't
nuclear weapons, or any other W.M.D., be used
as a deterrent, a last resort?
The overall, poorly-argumented criticism throughout
this group, of the open
letter by academics and intellectuals concerning
the Enola Gay display, also
appears to me to be very unwise. W.M.D., and
nuclear weapons in particular,
pose some very serious ethical questions indeed.
And it's not just their
use, to many people the very existence of nuclear
weapons on the face of
this earth is a very serious, virtually uncontroblable
ecological danger, as
well as a security threat that is difficult
to contain. I wasn't around
during the war, but I have visited Hiroshima
a couple of years ago, and I
would strongly advise all of you to do so too:
the inferno caused by a
nuclear bomb, cannot be compared to anything
else in the world, in our
entire human history; not even by the Nazi concentration
camps. Therefore,
the repeated 'shoot first, ask questions later'
mentality throughout most
postings of this thread, really strikes me;
especially because - we're
talking about a display in a museum here - scholars
who ask questions or
raise any criticism about these issues, are
almost systematically treated
like traitors or cowards who didn't dare be
there...
Frankly, you people are really, REALLY scaring
me... Is this what the U.S.
military complex is all about, and has been
about for all those years? Are
these the people that are occupying Iraq, because
of its so-called W.M.D.
(which were in fact be weather balloons), but
are sitting on large amounts
of nuclear and bio-chemical weapons themselves
??? (with the capability to
deliver them worldwide within a matter of minutes)
Well then, let me ask you this. Following the
hawkish ratio of the
arguments that were put forward by most of you
here. Wasn't Saddam's use of
poison gas in places like Halabja (against those
unruly, criminal Kurdish
enemies, their cities and their populations),
wasn't that a justified means
of fighting the war, making sure that Saddam's
troops would win without too
much of a fight, teaching the enemy a lesson,
also making sure the Turkish
and Iranian armies would stay on their side
of the border, collectively
punishing the populations who had started the
trouble in the first place,
and keeping Iraqi casualties at an absolute
minimum... ????? Wasn't the use
of W.M.D's, many of whom where procured by Saddam
in countries like Germany,
the U.S.A. and the U.K., the most adequate and
efficient way of dealing with
'the situation', just like the United States
had dealt with Japan by bombing
Hiroshima and Nagasaki ???
Sorry, but I think NOT !!!!! I think it's
clear the victor was wrong on
both occasions.
Merry Christmas.
In pace, Iustitia Omnibus.
"Polybus" wrote
in message
. com...
Dear Friend,
A committee of scholars, veterans, clergy,
activists, students, and
other interested individuals is now forming
to challenge the
Smithsonian's plans to exhibit the Enola Gay
solely as a "magnificent
technological achievement." The planned exhibit
is devoid not only of
historical context and discussion of the ongoing
controversy
surrounding the bombings, but even of basic
information regarding the
number of casualties. We have formulated the
following statement of
principles, which we plan to circulate widely.
The statement makes
clear that we are not opposed to exhibiting
the plane in a fair and
responsible manner, but that we fear that
such a celebratory exhibit
both legitimizes what happened in 1945 and
helps build support for the
Bush administration's dangerous new nuclear
policies. We, in fact,
welcome and intend to initiate a national
discussion of both the 1945
bombings and of current nuclear issues. But
before we launch a public
campaign and officially contact the Smithsonian,
we seek endorsements
of the statement from a small number of prominent
individuals who can
help the effort gain credibility and attract
media attention. More
active participation is, of course, welcome
and desirable. Most
immediately, though, please let us know if
we can add your name to our
list and how you would like to be identified.
Sincerely,
Peter Kuznick,
Professor of History and Director, Nuclear
Studies Institute, American
University
Kevin Martin
Executive Director, Peace Action
Daniel Ellsberg
Author, Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and The
Pentagon Papers
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
http://www.enola-gay.org/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
Statement of Principles
Gen. John "Jack" Dailey, director of the Smithsonian's
National Air
and Space Museum, the most widely visited
museum in the world, has
announced plans to display the Enola Gay--the
B-29 Superfortress that
dropped the atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima--as
the centerpiece
of the museum's new Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
at Washington Dulles
International Airport. That August 6, 1945
attack, according to recent
estimates, resulted in over 140,000 deaths.
A second atomic bomb
dropped three days later on the city of Nagasaki
caused an estimated
70,000 deaths. And as many scientists warned
in advance would happen,
and as President Truman clearly understood,
the incineration of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki initiated a nuclear
arms race that threatened
to bring about the annihilation of the human
species, a danger that
persists today.
Recognizing the momentous implications of
the onset of the nuclear
age, in 1999 a national panel of distinguished
journalists and
scholars voted the U.S. atomic bombings of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki the
most significant news event of the 20th century.
Yet, in a statement
reflecting extraordinary callousness toward
the victims, indifference
to the deep divisions among American citizens
about the propriety of
these actions, and disregard for the feelings
of most of the world's
peoples, museum director Dailey declared,
"We are displaying it [the
Enola Gay] in all of its glory as a magnificent
technological
achievement." The plane, in fact, differs
little from other B-29s and
gains its notoriety only from the deadly and
history-altering nature
of its mission.
Dailey's remarks are particularly shocking
in light of the criticism
of the bombing by General Dwight Eisenhower
and the questions raised
by so many other WWII military leaders, sentiments
best reflected in
the haunting comments of Admiral William Leahy,
Truman's wartime chief
of staff who chaired the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
who poignantly
observed, "the use of this barbarous weapon
at Hiroshima and Nagasaki
was of no material assistance in our war against
Japan. The Japanese
were already defeated and ready to surrender....in
being the first to
use it, we adopted an ethical standard common
to the barbarians of the
Dark Ages."
People throughout the world have already raised
powerful objections to
the exhibit. Hidankyo, the main survivors'
organization in Japan, and
Gensuikyo, the Japan Council Against A and
H Bombs, have written to
Dailey, insisting, "The display rationalizes
the bombing and as such
it is absolutely unforgiveable....Atomic bombs
massacre civilians
indiscriminately and are weapons that cannot
be justified in
humanitarian terms. Even now, many victims
continue to suffer the
after-effects." Nor can Americans acquiesce
to an exhibit that
implicitly celebrates the atomic bombings
while avoiding all of the
crucial questions. By its mishandling of these
issues in 1995, the
Smithsonian cast international doubt upon
the integrity, decency, and
fairmindedness of American institutions. We
hope to avert a similar
outcome this time. We have therefore formed
an ad-hoc coalition of
religious leaders, veterans, scientists, historians
and other
scholars, citizen activists, and students
united by our conviction
that such an exhibit must not go forward as
planned.
We are not, however, opposed to exhibiting
the Enola Gay. Much to the
contrary, we welcome any exhibition that will
spur an honest and
balanced discussion of the atomic bombings
of 1945 and of current U.S.
nuclear policy. Our greatest concern is that
the disturbing issues
raised by the atomic bombings in 1945 will
not be addressed in the
planned exhibit and that President Truman's
use of atomic weapons will
legitimize the Bush administration's current
effort to lower the
threshold for future use of nuclear weapons.
Whatever the National Air
and Space Museum's conscious intention, any
effort to treat the atomic
bombings of 1945 in a celebratory fashion
or to display the plane that
dropped the first atomic bomb solely as a
"magnificent technological
achievement" can only dishonor the museum
and the nation and serve the
purposes of those who seek to normalize nuclear
weapons and facilitate
their future use.
We intend to use this exhibit, the presidential
elections, and the
upcoming 60th anniversary of the atomic bombings
to stimulate a
national discussion of U.S. nuclear history
and current policy and to
work with like-minded groups in other nations.
Most Americans remain
unaware of the policy changes adopted in the
2001 U.S. Nuclear Posture
Review, which prompted the New York Times
to editorially condemn the
U.S. as a "nuclear rogue" nation, and of the
measures taken by the
Bush administration to produce a new generation
of "more usable"
nuclear weapons. The significance has not
been lost on international
leaders. In his stirring Peace Declaration
on August 6 of this year,
Hiroshima Mayor Tadatoshi Akiba warned, "The
nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty, the central international agreement
guiding the elimination of
nuclear weapons, is on the verge of collapse.
The chief cause is U.S.
nuclear policy that, by openly declaring the
possibility of a
pre-emptive nuclear first strike and calling
for resumed research into
mini-nukes and other so-called 'useable nuclear
weapons,' appears to
worship nuclear weapons...." Or as Joseph
Cirincione, the Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace's nuclear
expert, noted, the Bush
administration is now "saying that nuclear
weapons are no longer the
weapon of last resort..."
To initiate this desperately needed national
conversation on nuclear
arms policy, past and present, the Committee
for a National Discussion
of Nuclear History and Current Policy calls
upon Smithsonian
Institution Secretary Lawrence Small, John
Dailey, and other leaders
of the Smithsonian to sit down with our representatives
and those of
other interested organizations and to jointly
plan a balanced exhibit
that places the bombings in their historical
context, educates viewers
about the consequences of past nuclear weapons
use, and explains the
controversy surrounding the use of the atomic
bombs that antedates the
deployment of the Enola Gay itself.
We also call on the Smithsonian to co-sponsor
a joint conference or a
series of conferences that explore the atomic
bombings of Hiroshima
and Nagasaki and the place of nuclear weapons
in the modern world.
Given the seriousness of the current nuclear
crisis, should the
Smithsonian not accede to this request for
a fair and balanced
presentation and a reasoned discussion of
the many profound issues
involved, we will join with others in this
country and around the
world to protest the exhibit in its present
form and to catalyze a
national discussion of critical nuclear issues.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
Partial List of Signers*
Kosuzu Abe, Professor University of the Ryukyus,
Okinawa, Japan;
Affiliate Researcher, Center for Puerto Rican
Studies, City University
of New York, Hunter College
Elaine S. Abelson, Professor of History, New
School University
Hafsat Abiola, Founder of the Kudirat Initiative
for Democracy (KIND)
Frank Ackerman, Professor, Global Development
and Environment
Institute, Tufts University
Rev. George Addison, Chaplain, Brock University,
St. Catharines,
Canada
Jean-Christophe Agnew, Professor of American
Studies and History, Yale
University
Wilbert H. Ahern, Professor of History, University
of Minnesota,
Morris
Tadatoshi Akiba, Mayor, City of Hiroshima,
Japan
Gar Alperovitz, Author, The Decision to Use
the Atomic Bomb and Atomic
Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam; Bauman Professor
of Political
Economy, University of Maryland, College Park
Benjamin L. Alpers, Professor, Honors College,
University of Oklahoma
Donna Alvah, Professor of History, St. Lawrence
University
Michihiro Ama, Department of East Asian Languages
and Literature,
University of California, Irvine; Secretary,
Higashi Hongwanji
Mission, Los Angeles
Lori E. Amy, Director, Women's and Gender
Studies Program, Georgia
Southern University
Joyce Appleby, Professor Emerita of History,
University of California,
Los Angeles
Anthony K. Arnove, Editor, Iraq Under Siege
and Terrorism and War
Stanley Aronowitz, Professor of Sociology
and Urban Education,
Graduate Center, City University of New York
John Ashbery, Poet; Professor of Literature,
Bard College
Alan D. Attie, Professor of Biochemistry,
University of
Wisconsin-Madison
Pat Aufderheide, Professor and Co-Director,
Center for Social Media,
School of Communication, American University
Paul Auster, Writer; Filmmaker
Lawrence Badash, Professor Emeritus of History
of Science, University
of California, Santa Barbara; Author, Scientists
and the Development
of Nuclear Weapons
John S. Baick, Professor of History, Western
New England College
Ellen R. Baker, Professor of History Columbia
University
Peter W. Bardaglio, Professor of History,
Ithaca College
Holly Barker, Embassy, Republic of the Marshall
Islands; Author, Bravo
for the Marshallese: Regaining Control in
a Post Nuclear,
Post-Colonial World
Michael A. Barnhart, Distinguished Teaching
Professor, Department of
History, State University of New York-Stony
Brook
Rosalyn Baxandall, Professor and Chair of
American Studies, State
University of New York College, Old Westbury
David T. Beito, Professor of History, University
of Alabama; Research
Fellow, The Independent Institute
Ruth Ben-Ghiat, Professor of Italian Studies
and History, New York
University
Thomas Bender, Professor of History, New York
University
Medea Benjamin, Co-founder, Global Exchange
Scott H. Bennett, Professor of History, Georgian
Court College
Susan Porter Benson, Professor of History,
University of Connecticut
Ira Berlin, Distinguished University Professor,
University of Maryland
R. B. Bernstein, Adjunct Professor of Law,
New York Law School;
Author, Thomas Jefferson
Kai Bird, Co-editor, Hiroshima's Shadow; Author,
The Color of Truth:
McGeorge Bundy and William Bundy, Brothers
in Arms
Herbert P. Bix, Professor of History and Sociology,
Binghamton
University; Author, Hirohito and the Making
of Modern Japan
Casey Nelson Blake, Professor of History and
American Studies,
Columbia University
William Blum, Former State Department Official;
Freelance Journalist;
Author, Rogue State: A Guide to the World's
Only Superpower
John Bodnar, Chancellor's Professor of History,
Indiana University
Julian Bond, Professor, School of Public Affairs,
American University;
Department of History, University of Virginia
Paul S. Boyer, Merle Curti Professor of History
Emeritus, University
of Wisconsin-Madison
Philip Brenner, Professor of International
Relations, American
University
Karen Brodkin, Professor of Anthropology,
University of California,
Los Angeles
Barbara Brooks, Professor of History, City
College and the Graduate
Center, City University of New York
Anne Brophy, Professor of History, Georgia
State University
John K. Brown, Professor of History and Technology,
University of
Virginia
Rogers Brubaker, Professor of Sociology, University
of California, Los
Angeles
Carolyn J. Bryan, Professor of Music, Georgia
Southern University
Paul Buhle, Professor of American Civilization,
Brown University
Terry Butler, Professor of Mathematics, Rutgers
University
Robert Buzzanco, Professor of History, University
of Houston
Christopher Capozzola, Professor of History,
Massachusetts Institute
of Technology
Mina J. Carson, Professor of History, Oregon
State University
Madeline H. Caviness, Mary Richardson Professor
of Art and Art
History, Tufts University; President, International
Council for
Philosophy and Humanistic Studies
Courtney B. Cazden, Charles William Eliot
Professor of Education
Emerita, Harvard University
Jane Censer, Professor of History, George
Mason University
Rev. Jerrye G Champion, National Board President,
Church Women United
Julie A. Charlip, Professor of History, Whitman
College
Una Chaudhuri, Professor of English and Drama,
New York University
William F. Cheek, Professor of History, San
Diego State University
Ira Chernus, Professor of Religious Studies,
University of Colorado at
Boulder
Noam Chomsky, Institute Professor, Department
of Linguistics and
Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Dick Cluster, Writer; Translator; Professor
in Honors and Academic
Support Programs, University of Massachusetts
at Boston
Ben Cohen, President, Business Leaders for
Sensible Priorities;
Co-Founder, Ben and Jerry's
Lizabeth Cohen, Howard Mumford Jones Professor
of American Studies,
Harvard University
Steven Cohen, Professor of Education, Tufts
University
Barry Commoner, Director Emeritus, Center
for the Biology of Natural
Systems, Queens College, City University of
New York
William E. Connolly, Krieger-Eisenhower Professor
of Politics, Johns
Hopkins University
Sandi E. Cooper, Professor of History, College
of Staten Island
Edward Countryman, University Distinguished
Professor of History,
Southern Methodist University
Susan Crane, Professor of Modern European
History, University of
Arizona
Bruce C. Daniels, Professor of History, Texas
Tech University
Lawrence R. Davidson, Professor of History,
West Chester University
Natalie Zemon Davis, Henry Charles Lea Professor
of History Emerita,
Princeton University
Alan Dawley, Professor of History, The College
of New Jersey
Jane S. De Hart, Professor of History, University
of California, Santa
Barbara
David De Leon, Graduate History Director,
Howard University
Judith DeGroat, Professor of History, St.
Lawrence University
Marie Dennis, Director, Maryknoll Office for
Global Concerns
Matthew J. Dennis, Professor of History, University
of Oregon
E.L. Doctorow, Author
Ariel Dorfman, Writer, Distinguished Professor,
Duke University
Ann Douglas, Parr Professor of Comparative
Literature, Columbia
University
John W. Dower, Professor of History, Massachusetts
Institute of
Technology; Author, Embracing Defeat: Japan
in the Wake of World War
II
Jonathan Dresner, Professor of East Asian
History, University of
Hawai'i at Hilo
Ellen Carol DuBois, Professor of History,
University of California,
Los Angeles
Mary L. Dudziak, Judge Edward J. and Ruey
L. Guirado Professor of Law
and History, University of Southern California
Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, Professor of Ethnic
Studies, California State
University, Hayward
Anabel Dwyer, Board Member, Lawyers' Committee
on Nuclear Policy
Sally Eberhardt, Theaters Against War, New
York, New York
Taner Edis, Professor of Physics, Truman State
University
Carolyn Eisenberg, Professor of History, Hofstra
University
Ivan Eland, Senior Fellow and Director, Center
on Peace & Liberty, The
Independent Institute
Pat Elder, Co-founder, DC Anti-War Network
(DAWN)
Geoff Eley, Sylvia L. Thrupp Collegiate Professor
of Comparative
History; Professor of German Studies, University
of Michigan
Daniel Ellsberg, Author, Secrets: A Memoir
of Vietnam and The Pentagon
Papers
Tom Engelhardt, Author, The End of Victory
Culture; Creator,
TomDispatch.com
Sara M. Evans, Professor of History, University
of Minnesota
Samih Farsoun, Professor of Sociology, American
University
Lane Fenrich, Deptartment of History, Northwestern
University
Kirsten Fermaglich, Professor of History and
Jewish Studies, Michigan
State University
Eileen Findlay, Professor of History, American
University
Michael M.J. Fischer, Professor of Anthropology
and Science and
Technology Studies, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology
Robert P. Forbes, Lecturer in History; Associate
Director, Gilder
Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance,
and Abolition,
Yale University
John M. Foster, Professor of Biology Emeritus,
Hampshire College.
Elizabeth Frank, Joseph E. Harry Professor
of Modern Languages &
Literature, Bard College
Marian C. Franz, Executive Director, National
Campaign for a Peace Tax
Fund
George M. Fredrickson, Edgar E. Robinson Professor
of United State
History Emeritus, Stanford University
Valerie French, Professor of History, American
University
Max Paul Friedman, Professor of History, Florida
State University
Michael Frisch, Professor of History/Senior
Research Scholar,
University at Buffalo, State University of
New York
Atsushi Fujioka, Professor of U.S. Economy,
Ritsumeikan University,
Kyoto
Lloyd Gardner, Research Professor of History,
Rutgers University
Sister Maureen Geary, OP, Promoter of Justice,
Peace and Care for
Creation for the Grand Rapids Dominicans
Clifford Geertz, Professor Emeritus, Institute
for Advanced Study,
Princeton, New Jersey
Joseph Gerson, Director of Programs, American
Friends Service
Committee, New England Regional Office
James Gilbert, Professor of History, University
of Maryland
John Gillis, Professor of History, Rutgers
University
Todd Gitlin, Professor of Journalism and Sociology,
Columbia
University
David Glassberg, Professor of History, University
of Massachusetts,
Amherst
Natalie J. Goldring, Executive Director, Program
on Global Security
and Disarmament, University of Maryland; Acting
Chair, Executive
Board, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Gary R. Goldstein, Professor of Physics and
Astronomy, Tufts
University
James A. Good, Professor of History, North
Harris College
Linda Gordon, Professor of History, New York
University
Elliott J. Gorn, Professor of History, Brown
University
Van Gosse, Professor of History, Frankin &
Marshall College; Co-Chair,
Historians Against the War
Paul Gottfried, Professor of Humanities, Elizabethtown
College
Loren Graham, Professor of History and History
of Science,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jonathan Granoff, President, Global Security
Institute; CoChair,
American Br Association Committee on Arms
Control and National
Security
Anne H. Griffis, Church Women United
Richard B. Griffis, United Church of Christ
Robert Griffith, Professor of History, American
University
Elaine C. Hagopian, Professor Emerita of Sociology,
Simmons College
Xanthe Hall, Program Director, International
Physicians for the
Prevention of Nuclear War, Germany
David C. Hallin, Professor of Communication,
University of California,
San Diego
Ronald Hamowy, Professor of History Emeritus,
University of Alberta,
Canada; Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
Robert E. Hannigan, Dept. of History, Suffolk
University
Laura Hein, Department of History, Northwestern
University
Ira Helfand, MD, Co-founder and Past President,
Physicians for Social
Responsibility
David R. Henderson, Professor of Economics,
Naval Postgraduate School,
Monterey, California
Nancy M. Henley, Professor Emerita of Psychology,
University of
California, Los Angeles
Margot A. Henriksen, Professor of History,
University of Hawaii at
Manoa
Edward S. Herman, Professor Emeritus of Finance,
Wharton School,
University of Pennsylvania
Neil Hertz, Professor of Humanities, Johns
Hopkins University
Robert Higgs, Senior Fellow in Political Economy,
The Independent
Institute; Editor, The Independent Review:
A Journal of Political
Economy
Hosea Hirata, Professor, Director of the Japanese
Program, Tufts
University
Wayne Hobson, Professor of American Studies,
California State
University, Fullerton
Jennifer L. Hochschild, Henry LeBarre Jayne
Professor of Government;
Professor of African and African American
Studies, Harvard University
Martha Hodes, Professor of History, New York
University
Stanley Hoffmann, Buttenwieser University
Professor, Harvard
University
Rev. David J. Hogan, Roman Catholic pastor,
retired
John P. Holdren, Teresa and John Heinz Professor;
Director, Program on
Science, Technology, and Public Policy, John
F. Kennedy School of
Government, Harvard University
Albert L. "Woody" Holton, III, Professor of
History, University of
Richmond
Gerald Horne, Moores Professor of History
and African-American
Studies, University of Houston
Gerald C. Horne, Professor of African-American
History, Professor of
Communications Studies, University of North
Carolina
Michael Hunt, Professor of History, University
of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill
Lloyd A. Hunter, Professor of History and
American Studies, Franklin
College
Adrienne Carey Hurley, Japan Studies Postdoctoral
Fellow, Stanford
University
Amy Isaacs, National Director, Americans for
Democratic Action
David Isles, Professor of Mathematics, Tufts
University
William Issel, Professor of History, San Francisco
State University
Maurice Isserman, William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor
of History, Hamilton
College
Elizabeth Ito, Teacher
Bruce Jackson, SUNY Distinguished Professor
and Samuel P. Capen
Professor of American Culture, University
at Buffalo
Matthew Frye Jacobson, Professor of American
Studies and History, Yale
University
Sheila Jasanoff, Pforzheimer Professor of
Science and Technology
Studies, John F. Kennedy School of Government,
Harvard University
Martin Jay, Sidney Hellman Ehrman Professor
of History, University of
California, Berkeley
Robert Jensen, Professor of Journalism, University
of Texas, Austin
John Jonik, Political cartoonist
Mitch Kachun, Professor of History, Western
Michigan University
Michio Kaku, Professor of Theoretical Physics,
City College and the
Graduate Center of the City University of
New York
Michael Kammen, Professor of American History
and Culture, Cornell
University; Former Member of the Smithsonian
Council
Laura Croghan Kamoie, Professor of History,
American University
Louis Kampf, Professor of Literature Emeritus,
Massachusetts Institute
of Technology
Rhoda Kanaaneh, Professor of Anthropology,
American University
Stanley N. Katz, Professor of Public and International
Affairs;
Director, Center for Arts and Cultural Policy
Studies, Woodrow Wilson
School, Princeton University
Ira Katznelson, Ruggles Professor of Political
Science and History,
Columbia University
Gordon Kaufman, Mallinckrodt Professor of
Divinity Emeritus, Harvard
University
Michael Kazin, Professor of History, Georgetown
University
Joseph Kinner, Professor of History, Gallaudet
University
Gregory T. Knouff, Professor of History, Keene
State College
Barbara Koeppel, Investigative Journalist
Walter Kohn, Research Professor of Physics,
University of California,
Santa Barbara, Nobel Laureate of Chemistry
Gabriel Kolko, Distinguished Research Professor
Emeritus, York
University, Toronto, Canada
Dennis Kortheuer, Professor of History, California
State University,
Long Beach
J. Morgan Kousser, Professor of History and
Social Science, California
Institute of Technology
Joel Kovel, Professor of Social Studies, Bard
College
Ron Kovic, Author, Born on the Fourth of July
Wendy Kozol, Professor of Gender and Women's
Studies, Oberlin College
David Krieger, President, Nuclear Age Peace
Foundation
Kenneth Kusmer, Professor of History, Temple
University
Peter J. Kuznick, Professor of History, Director,
Nuclear Studies
Institute, American University
Walter LaFeber, Professor of History, Cornell
University
Ann J. Lane, Professor of History and Students
in Women and Gender,
University of Virginia
Fr. Paul Lansu, Pax Christi International
Donald N. Lathrop, Professor of Peace and
World Order Studies,
Berkshire Community College, Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Steven F. Lawson, Professor of History, Rutgers
University
Norman Lear, Writer-Producer
Richard Ned Lebow, James O. Freedman Presidential
Professor of
Government, Dartmouth College
Joel L. Lebowitz, Professor; Director, Center
for Mathematical
Sciences Research, Rutgers University
Eric LeCompte, National Council Chair, Pax
Christi USA: National
Council Peace Movement
Susan E. Lederer, Professor of History of
Medicine, History, Yale
University
Steve Leeper, US representative, World Conference
of Mayors for Peace
Mark H. Leff, Professor of History, University
of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
Melvyn P. Leffler, Stettinius Professor of
American History,
University of Virginia
Roger Leisner, Host, Radio Free Maine
Jesse Lemisch, Professor Emeritus of History,
John Jay College of
Criminal Justice, City University of New York
Gerda Lerner, Robinson-Edwards Professor of
History Emerita,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Lawrence W. Levine, Margaret Byrne Professor
of History Emeritus,
University of California, Berkeley; Professor
of History, George Mason
University
Norman Levitt, Professor of Mathematics, Rutgers
University
Robert Jay Lifton, Visiting Professor of Psychiatry,
Harvard Medical
School; Co-author, Hiroshima in America
Susan Lindee, Professor of History and Sociology
of Science,
University of Pennsylvania; Author, Suffering
Made Real: American
Science and the Survivors at Hiroshima
Kriste Lindenmeyer, Professor of History,
University of Maryland,
Baltimore County
Leon F. Litwack, A.F. & May T. Morrison Professor
of History,
University of California, Berkeley
Alvaro Vargas Llosa, Research Fellow, The
Independent Institute;
Author, Liberty for Latin America (forthcoming)
Doug Long, Hiroshima Scholar
Ronald G. Lora, Professor of History, University
of Toledo
Bernard Lown, MD, Professor Emeritus, Harvard
School of Public Healt
Staughton Lynd, Historian and Attorney
Vincent Lyon-Callo, Professor of Anthropology,
Western Michigan
University
Mark H. Lytle, Professor of History, Bard
College
Nancy MacLean, Professor, Deptartment of History,
Northwestern
University
Graham MacPhee, Professor, University of Portsmouth,
England
Mairead Corrigan Maguire, Nobel Peace Laureate
Arjun Makhijani, President, Institute for
Energy and Environmental
Research
Leo Maley, III, Author of numerous articles
on the atomic bombings of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Jane Mansbridge, Adams Professor, Kennedy
School of Government,
Harvard University
Glenn Marcus, Documentary Producer; Adjunct
Professor of
Communications, Johns Hopkins University
William F. Marina, Professor of Humanities,
Professor of Business;
Former Director of International Studies,
Florida Atlantic University
Norman Markowitz, Professor of History, Rutgers
University
Kevin Martin, Executive Director, Peace Action
Eric S. Maskin, A.O. Hirschman Professor of
Social Science, Institute
for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey
Paul H. Mattingly, Professor of History; Director,
Program in Public
History, New York University
Jeremy Maxand, Executive Director, Snake River
Alliance, Boise, Idaho
Elaine Tyler May, Professor of American Studies
and History,
University of Minnesota; Author, Homeward
Bound: American Families in
the Cold War Era
Joseph A. McCartin, Professor of History,
Georgetown University
Robert W. McChesney, Research Professor of
Communication, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Kathleen McCluskey, CSJ, Executive Director,
US Federation of Sisters
of Saint Joseph
Robert S. McElvaine, Elizabeth Chisholm Professor
of Arts & Letters
and Professor of History, Millsaps College
J. Geeta McGahey, MD
J.E. McNeil, Executive Director, Center on
Conscience & War
J.R. McNeill, Professor, School of Foreign
Service, Georgetown
University
Brent Meeker, Science and Engineering Fellow
of the Naval Air System
Command
William Mello, Professor of Labor Studies,
Indiana University
Everett Mendelsohn, Professor of the History
of Science, Harvard
University
Leisa D. Meyer, Professor of History and Director,
Women's Studies
Program, College of William and Mary
Joanne Meyerowitz, Professor of History, Indiana
University; Editor,
Journal of American History
Barton P. Meyers, Visiting Professor of Psychology,
Bard College
Zia Mian, Program on Science and Global Security,
Princeton University
Irene Michaud, Western Massachusetts American
Friends Service
Committee
Howard G. Miller, Professor Emeritus of Psychology,
North Carolina
State University
Richard H. Minear, Professor of History, University
of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Translator of Hiroshima literature
Gregg Mitman, Professor of History of Science,
Medical History, and
Science & Technology Studies, University of
Wisconsin-Madison
Uday Mohan, Author of numerous articles on
the atomic bombings of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Marian B. Mollin, Professor of History, Virginia
Tech University
David Montgomery, Farnam Professor of History
Emeritus, Yale
University
Rick Moody, Author Purple America and The
Ice Storm
Regina Morantz-Sanchez, Professor of History,
University of Michigan
Leuren Moret, Environmental Commissioner,
Berkeley, California
Bradford Morrow, Author, Trinity Fields and
Ariel's Crossing;
Professor of Literature, Bard College
Richard Moser, Ph.D., National Field Representative,
American
Association of University Professors
Robert K. Musil, Executive Director and CEO,
Physicians for Social
Responsibility
Pamela S. Nadell, Professor of History, American
University
Sylvain Nagler, Professor, Empire State College
David Nasaw, Distinguished Professor of History,
City University of
New York Graduate Center
Gary B. Nash, Professor Emeritus of History,
University of California,
Los Angeles
Anil Nauriya, Advocate, Supreme Court of India,
New Delhi, India
Bruce Nelson, Professor of History, Dartmouth
College
Margaret Nielsen, Professor of Social Work,
Michigan State University
Philip Nobile, Editor, Judgment at the Smithsonian
Howard Norman, Writer
Ronald L. Numbers, Hilldale Professor of the
History of Science and
Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Arnold A. Offner, Cornelia F. Hugel Professor
of History, Lafayette
College
Patricia Oldham, Lecturer Behavioral-Social
Sciences Department Hostos
Community College, City University of New
York
Alicia Ostriker, Professor, Department of
English, Rutgers University
David S. Painter, Professor of History, Georgetown
University
John O. Pastore, Professor of Medicine, Tufts
University School of
Medicine; Director of Echocardiography, Caritas
St. Elizabeth's
Medical Center; Former Executive Secretary,
International Physicians
for the Prevention of Nuclear War
Orlando Patterson, John Cowles Professor of
Sociology, Harvard
University
Philip J. Pauly, Professor of History, Rutgers
University
David Penna, Professor, Department of Government
and History,
Gallaudet University
Theda Perdue, Professor of History, University
of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill
James Petras, Professor of Sociology, Binghamton
University
Alan F. Phillips, M.D. and Joy Phillips, Founders,
Anti-Nuclear-War
Fund, Project Ploughshares, Canada
Geoff Pingree, Professor, Cinema Studies and
English, Oberlin College
Mark Pittenger, Professor of History, University
of Colorado
Stephen J. Pitti, Professor of History, Yale
University
John Polanyi, Nobel Laureate, Chemistry, 1986
Gareth Porter, Author, Perils of Dominance:
Power Imbalance and the
Path to the Vietnam War
Theodore A. Postol, Professor of Science,
Technology, and National
Security Policy, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
Lawrence N. Powell, Professor of History,
Tulane University
Linda C. Raeder, Professor of Humanities,
Palm Beach Atlantic
University
Ralph Raico, Professor of History, State College,
Buffalo
James Michael Reaume, Jr. MD
Adolph Reed, Professor, Graduate Faculty of
Political and Social
Science, New School University
Leo P. Ribuffo, George Washington Distinguished
Professor, Department
of History, George Washington University
Robert J. Richards, Professor of History,
Philosophy, and Psychology;
Director, Morris Fishbein Center for the History
of Science and
Medicine, University of Chicago
Paul Craig Roberts, Research Fellow, The Independent
Institute; Former
Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy, U.S.
Department of the
Treasury
Dave Robinson, National Coordinator, Pax Christi
USA
Jo Ann O. Robinson, Professor of History,
Morgan State University
Lillian S. Robinson, Professor and Principal,
Simone de Beauvoir
Women's Studies Institute, Concordia Univesity,
Montréal, Canada
Hugh Rockoff, Professor of Economics, Rutgers
University
Daniel T. Rodgers, Henry Charles Lea Professor
of History, Princeton
University
Ruth Rosen, Professor Emerita of History,
University of California,
Davis
Robert A. Rosenstone, Professor of History,
California Institute of
Technology
Roy Rosenzweig, Professor of History, George
Mason University
Andrew Ross, Professor of American Studies,
New York University
Steven Ross, Professor of History, University
of Southern California
Joseph Rotblat, Nobel Peace Laureate, 1995
Joshua D. Rothman, Professor of History, University
of Alabama
Richard Rubenstein, Professor of Conflict
Resolution and Public
Affairs, George Mason University
Anne Sarah Rubin, Professor of History, University
of Maryland,
Baltimore County
Bruce Russett, Dean Acheson Professor of Political
Science, Yale
University
Jonathan Schell, Author, Fate of the Earth
Cathy Schneider, Professor of International
Studies, American
University
Eric Schneider, Associate Director for Academic
Affairs, School of
Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania
Ellen Schrecker, Professor of History, Yeshiva
University
Michael Schudson, Professor of Communication,
University of
California, San Diego
Robert D. Schulzinger, Professor of History,
University of Colorado,
Boulder
Silvan S. Schweber, Professor of Physics and
Koret Professor of the
History of Science Emeritus, Brandeis University
Nicole Schweizer, Art Historian, Switzerland
Joan W. Scott, Professor of Social Science,
Institute for Advanced
Study, Princeton, New Jersey
Pete Seeger, Musician, Songwriter
Mark Selden, Professor of Sociology and History,
Binghamton
University; Author, The Atomic Bomb. Voices
From Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
Butler D. Shaffer, Professor, Southwestern
University School of Law,
Los Angeles, California; Author, Calculated
Chaos
Robert Shaffer, Professor of History, Shippensburg
University of
Pennsylvania
Charles Sheehan-Miles, Veterans for Common
Sense; Executive Director,
Nuclear Policy Research Institute
Martin Sheen, Actor; Director; Activist
Doris H. Sher, Professor of History, New Jersey
Institute of
Technology, Rutgers University, Newark
Ann Sherif, Professor of East Asian Studies,
Oberlin College
Michael Sherry, Richard W. Leopold Professor
of History, Northwestern
University; Author, The Rise of American Air
Power: The Creation of
Armageddon
Martin J. Sherwin, Walter S. Dickson Professor
of English and American
History, Tufts University; Author, A World
Destroyed
Francis R. Shor, Professor, Department of
Interdisciplinary Studies,
Wayne State University
Chris Simpson, Professor of Communication,
American University
Rev. William Sinkford, President, Unitarian
Universalist Association
Kathryn Kish Sklar, Distinguished Professor
of History, State
University of New York, Binghamton
Zach Sklar, Writer, Olivebridge, New York
Melvin Small, Professor of History, Wayne
State University
Barbara Herrnstein Smith, Professor of Comparative
Literature and
English, Duke University; Professor of English,
Brown University
Damu Smith, Founder, Black Voices for Peace
Judith E. Smith, Professor of American Studies,
University of
Massachusetts, Boston
Neil Smith, Distinguished Professor of Anthropology,
City University
of New York Graduate Center
Mary Hembrow Snyder, Professor of Religious
Studies and Chair,
Humanities Division, Mercyhurst College
Robert W. Snyder, Director, Journalism and
Media Studies, Rutgers
University, Newark
Alan Sokal, Professor of Physics, New York
University
Michael M. Sokal, Professor of History, Worcester
Polytechnic
Institute
Clinton W. Spence, Pastor, United Methodist
Church
Scott Spencer, Author
Paul Spickard, Professor of History and Asian
American Studies
University of California, Santa Barbara
David E. Stannard, Professor of American Studies,
University of
Hawaii, Honolulu
Christine Stansell, Professor of History,
Princeton University
Peter Stearns, Professor of History, George
Mason University
John Steinbach, Coordinator, Hiroshima-Nagasaki
Peace Committee
Jean Stokan, Policy Director, Pax Christi
USA
Oliver Stone, Filmmaker
Susan Strasser, Professor of History, University
of Delaware
Dorothy Stroup, Author, In the Autumn Wind
Cathie Sullivan, Director, Los Alamos Museum
Project
Ronald Takaki, Professor of Ethinc Studies,
University of California,
Berkeley; Author, Hiroshima: Why America Dropped
the Atomic Bomb
David Thelen, Professor of History, Indiana
University
David J. Theroux, Founder and President, The
Independent Institute;
Publisher, The Independent Review: A Journal
of Political Economy;
Director, OnPower.org
John Whittier Treat, Professor of Japanese,
Yale University; Author,
Writing Ground Zero: Japanese Literature and
the Atomic Bomb
Nicholas Turse, Professor of Epidemiology,
Columbia University
William M. Tuttle, Jr., Professor of American
Studies, University of
Kansas
Charlotte A. Twight, Professor of Economics,
Boise State University;
Adjunct Fellow, The Independent Institute
Nancy C. Unger, Professor of History, Women
and Gender Studies, and
Environmental Studies, Santa Clara University
Steven W. Usselman, Professor of History,
Georgia Institute of
Technology
Gore Vidal, Author; Historian; Playwright
Joe Volk, Executive Secretary, Friends Committee
on National
Legislation
Frank von Hippel, Professor of Public and
International Affairs,
Woodrow Wilson School; Co-Director, Program
on Science and Global
Security, Princeton University
Kurt Vonnegut, Author
Daniel J. Walkowitz, Director, Metropolitan
Studies, Professor of
History, New York University
Charles Wallace, Jr., Chaplain and Professor
of Religious Studies,
Willamette University
Mike Wallace, Distinguished Professor of History,
John Jay College,
City University of New York
Michael Walzer, Professor of Social Science,
Institute for Advanced
Study, Princeton, New Jersey
Jessica Wang, Professor of History, University
of California, Los
Angeles
Charles Weiner, Professor Emeritus, History
of Science and Technology,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Richard Weiss, Professor of History, University
of California, Los
Angeles
Andrew Wells-Dang, Regional Representative
Fund for Reconciliation &
Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
Robert Westbrook, Professor of History, University
of Rochester
Philip E. Wheaton, Episcopal priest; Founder,
Ecumenical Program for
Inter-American Communication & Action; Author,
Empire & the Word
Anne Mitchell Whisnant, Historian and Mellon
Project Manager, John
Hope Franklin Humanities Institute, Duke University
David E. Whisnant, Professor Emeritus, University
of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill
Geoffrey White, Professor of Anthropology,
University of Hawaii
Stephen J. Whitfield, Max Richter Professor
of American Civilization,
Brandeis University
Jon Wiener, Professor of History, UC Irvine
Roger Wilkins, Robinson Professor of History
and American Culture,
George Mason University
Brett Williams, Professor of Anthropology,
American University
David Blake Willis, Professor of Cultural
Studies, Soai University,
Osaka, Japan
Garry Wills, Author, Lincoln at Gettysburg
Angela C. Wilson, Professor of Indigenous
History, Arizona State
University
Lawrence S. Wittner, Professor of History,
State University of New
York, Albany
Robert Wohl, Professor of History, University
of California, Los
Angeles; Author, A Passion for Wings
Robert S. Wolff, Professor of History, Central
Connecticut State
University
Roberta Wollons, Professor and Chair, Department
of History, Indiana
University Northwest
Thomas E. Woods, Jr., Professor of History,
Suffolk County Community
College
Peter Yarrow, Musician, Songwriter (Peter,
Paul, and Mary)
Keniiro Yokoro, Secretary General of Japanese
Physicians for the
Prevention of Nuclear War
Lisa Yoneyama, Professor of Cultural Studies
and U.S.-Japan Studies,
Department of Literature, University of California,
San Diego
Marilyn B. Young, Professor of History, New
York University
Maurice Zeitlin, Professor of Sociology, University
of California, Los
Angeles
Howard Zinn, Professor Emeritus, History,
Boston University; Author, A
People's History of the United States
Michael Zuckerman, Professor of History, University
of Pennsylvania
* Institutional affiliations added for purposes
of identification
only.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
Committee for a National Discussion
of Nuclear History and Current Policy
P.O. Box 21827
Washington, D.C. 20009-1827
http://www.enola-gay.org/
Look at the list of folks who signed the document: it's a who's who of
the liberal and antiwar left. Including several revisionist historians, an
known apologist for dictators (Chomsky, who supported Pol Pot, Saddam, Milosevic,
Kim-Jong Il, Castro, etc), and what I call professional activists. Some folks
seem stuck in a 1960s' time warp, and seem WAAY too fond of ultra-left causes.
The party's been over since '89, so get over it. I had a grandfather who
was going from Europe to the Pacific for the Invasion of Japan. He and his
unit had just gotten their vaccinations to go from England Direct to the
Pacific when Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuked. He felt to his dying day
that the bombs saved their lives. End of story.
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