Ilyushin Il-18 / Il-20 / Il-22

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-18

The Ilyushin Il-18 (NATO reporting name: Coot) is a large turboprop airliner
that first flew in 1957 and became one of the best known and durable Soviet
aircraft of its era. The Il-18 was one of the world's principal airliners for
several decades and was widely exported. Due to the aircraft's airframe
durability, many examples achieved over 45,000 flight hours and the type remains
operational in both military and (to a lesser extent) civilian capacities. The
Il-18's successor was the long range Il-62 jet airliner.

Two Soviet aircraft shared the designation Ilyushin Il-18. The first Il-18 was a
propeller-driven airliner of 1946 but after a year of test flights that
programme was abandoned.

In the early 1950s a need to replace older designs and increase the size of the
Soviet civil transport fleet, a Soviet Council of Ministers directive was issued
on 30 December 1955 to the chief designers Kuznetsov and Ivchenko to develop new
turboprop engines and to Ilyushin and Antonov to design an aircraft to use these
engines. The two aircraft designs were developed as the Ilyushin Il-18 and the
Antonov An-10 and the engine chosen was the Kuznetsov NK-4 rather than the
Ivchenko AI-20.

The Il-18 design had started in 1954 before the directive was issued and
experience with the piston-engined Il-18 was used although the aircraft was a
new design. The design was for a four-engined low-wing monoplane with a circular
pressurised fuselage and a conventional tail. The forward retracting tricycle
landing gear had four wheels fitted on the main leg bogies, the main legs bogies
rotated 90 degrees and retracted into the rear of the inboard engines. A new
feature at the time was the fitting of a weather radar in the nose and it was
the first soviet airliner to have an automatic approach system. The aircraft has
two entry doors on the port-side before and after the wing and two overwing
emergency exits on each side.

With experience of the earlier aircraft a further improvement was the Il-18V
variant. The Il-18V was structurally the same but the interior was re-designed
including moving the galley and some minor system changes. The first Il-18V
appeared in December 1959 and was to continue into production until 1965 after
334 had been built. Specialised variants of the aircraft also appeared,
including aircraft modified for flight calibration and a long-range polar
variant. Military variants also appeared including the anti-submarine Ilyushin
Il-38.


Role
Turboprop airliner and reconnaissance aircraft

National origin
Soviet Union

Manufacturer
Moscow Machinery Plant No. 30

Designer
Ilyushin

First flight
4 July 1957

Status
Out of production, in military and limited civilian service

Primary users
Aeroflot Soviet Airlines
Rossiya

Produced
1957–1985

Number built
at least 678

Unit cost

$24,500,000 (2011 USD equivalent)


Developed into
Ilyushin Il-38

The first Il-18, initially equipped with Kuznetsov NK-4 engines, flew on 4 July
1957. On 17 September 1958 the aircraft first flew with the new Ivchenko AI-20
engines. Vladimir Kokkinaki was the test pilot. Between 1958 and 1960
twenty-five world records were set by this aircraft, among them flight range and
altitude records with various payloads. In 1958 the aircraft was awarded the
Brussels World Fair Grand Prix. In April 1979 a monument was unveiled at
Sheremetyevo airport to commemorate this remarkable aircraft.

Seventeen foreign air carriers acquired some 125 Il-18 aircraft, seating 100-120
passengers. Il-18s are still in service in Siberia, North Korea and the Middle
East, whilst a number of examples manufactured in the mid-1960s were still in
civilian use in Africa and south Asia as at 2014. The type operates in various
military capacities, including the Il-22PP jamming and reconnaissance aircraft
(entered service in October 2016).

An Il-18 (registration DDR-STD) belonging to Interflug and used as a transport
by East German leaders, including Erich Honecker, has been converted into a
static hotel suite in The Netherlands.

As of July 2018, there are 7 aircraft in airliner service with 6 operators.

Specifications (Il-18D)

General characteristics
Crew: 9
Capacity: 65-120 passengers
Length: 35.9 m (117 ft 9 in)
Wingspan: 37.4 m (122 ft 8 in)
Height: 10.165 m (33 ft 4 in)
Wing area: 140 m2 (1,500 sq ft)
Empty weight: 35,000 kg (77,162 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 64,000 kg (141,096 lb)
Fuel capacity: 30,000 l (6,599 imp gal)

Fuselage diameter: 3.5 m (11 ft)
Max. landing weight: 52,600 kg (115,963 lb)
Max. zero-fuel weight: 48,800 kg (107,586 lb)
Max. taxi weight : 64,500 kg (142,198 lb)
Powerplant: 4 × Ivchenko AI-20M axial flow turboprop engines, 3,170 kW (4,250
hp) each
Propellers: 4-bladed AW-68 I constant speed feathering propellers, 4.5 m (14 ft
9 in) diameter
Auxiliary power unit: TG-16M (28 Volt DC)

Performance
Maximum speed: 675 km/h (419 mph; 364 kn)
Maximum speed: Mach 0.65
Cruise speed: 625 km/h (388 mph; 337 kn) at 8,000 m (26,247 ft)
Range: 6,500 km (4,039 mi; 3,510 nmi) with 6,500 kg (14,330 lb) payload, maximum
fuel and reserves for one hour. 3,700 km (2,299 mi) with 13,500 kg (29,762 lb)
maximum payload, at 84 - 85% of maximum continuous power.

Service ceiling: 11,800 m (38,700 ft)

Approach minima: ICAO CAT 1 Decision Height 60 m (200 ft) / 800 m (Visibility)
or 550 m RVR
Take-off run: 1,350 m (4,429 ft)
Landing run: 850 m (2,789 ft)

Avionics

RPSN-2AMG: or RPSN-2N Emblema weather radar
NAS-1B: autonomous navigation system DISS-1: doppler speed/drift sensor
ANU-1: autonomous navigation computer

Put'-4M: navigation system
KS-6G: compass system
DAK-DB: remote celestial compass
RSBN-2S Svod: SHORAN (Svod - Dome)
SP-50 Materik: ILS
RV-UM: radio altimeter
NI-50BM-1: navigation display
ARK-11:main and backup ADF (automatic direction finder)
RSB-5/1230: communications radio
RSIU-5 (R802G): command link radio, 2 of.
SR-2M Khrom: IFF transponder (Khrom - Chromium)
MSRP-12-96: flight data recorder




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