Junkers Ju 52

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52

The Junkers Ju 52 (nicknamed Tante Ju ("Aunt Ju") and Iron Annie) is a German
trimotor transport aircraft manufactured from 1931 to 1952. It saw both civilian
and military service during the 1930s and 1940s. In a civilian role, it flew
with over twelve air carriers including Swissair and Deutsche Luft Hansa as an
airliner and freight hauler. In a military role, it flew with the Luftwaffe as a
troop and cargo transport and briefly as a medium bomber. The Ju 52 continued in
postwar service with military and civilian air fleets well into the 1980s.

The Ju 52 was similar to the company's previous Junkers W 33, although larger.
In 1930, Ernst Zindel and his team designed the Ju 52 at the Junkers works at
Dessau. The aircraft's unusual corrugated duralumin metal skin, pioneered by
Junkers during World War I, strengthened the whole structure.

The Ju 52 had a low cantilever wing, the midsection of which was built into the
fuselage, forming its underside.[1] It was formed around four pairs of circular
cross-section duralumin spars with a corrugated surface that provided torsional
stiffening. A narrow control surface, with its outer section functioning as the
aileron, and the inner section functioning as a flap, ran along the whole
trailing edge of each wing panel, well separated from it. The inner flap section
lowered the stalling speed and the arrangement became known as the Doppelflügel,
or "double wing".

Role Transport aircraft, medium bomber, airliner
Manufacturer Junkers
Designer Ernst Zindel
First flight 13 October 1930 (Ju 52/1m); 7 March 1932 (Ju 52/3m)
Status Active
Primary users Luftwaffe
Luft Hansa
Spanish Air Force
Produced 1931–1945 (Germany)
1945–1947 (France)
1945–1952 (Spain)
Number built 4,845

The Ju 52 could carry eighteen fully equipped soldiers, or twelve stretchers
when used as an air ambulance. Transported material was loaded and unloaded
through side doors by means of a ramp. Air dropped supplies were jettisoned
through two double chutes; supply containers were dropped by parachute through
the bomb-bay doors, and paratroopers jumped through the side doors. Half-track
motorcycles (kettenkraftrad) and parachute troops' supply canisters were secured
under the fuselage at the bomb bay exits and were dropped with four parachutes.
A tow coupling was built into the tail-skid for use in towing freight gliders.
The Ju 52 could tow up to two DFS 230 gliders

Specifications (Junkers Ju 52/1m ce)

General characteristics
Crew: two
Capacity: 1,820 kg (4,000 lb) of freight
Length: 18.50 m (60 ft 8 in)
Wingspan: 29.50 m (96 ft 9 in)
Height: 4.65 m (15 ft 3 in)
Wing area: 116 m² ()
Empty weight: 4,000 kg (8,830 lb)
Max. takeoff weight: 7,000 kg (15,450 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × BMW VIIaU V-12 piston engine, 507 kW (680 hp)690 PS

Performance
Maximum speed: 195 km/h (121 mph) at sea level
Cruise speed: 160 km/h (100 mph)
Range: 1,000 km (620 mi)
Service ceiling: 3,400 m (11,150 ft)
Rate of climb: 2.30 m/s at sea level (450 ft/min) 8.6 min to 1,000 m (3,300 ft);
20.5 min to 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
Wing loading: 60.34 kg/m² ()
Power/mass: 13.8 kg/kW (10.14 kg/PS)



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