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![]() "Larry Dighera" wrote in message ... In the discussion below, I stated that there are times when a Class B clearance is implied. Can one of the ATC personnel among the readership of this newsgroup respond to that? What is a Class B clearance? On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 10:29:16 GMT, Larry Dighera wrote in : On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 03:18:52 GMT, Jose wrote in : Sometimes Class Bravo clearance is implied, but it's always best if you get it explicitly. When, under VFR, is a class Bravo clearance implied, such that this implied clearance can be relied on at an enforcement hearing? Perhaps 'implied' wasn't the best choice of words to use in this situation. Without knowing all the circumstances (such as LOAs, the position of the aircraft at various times, etc.) surrounding this particular incident, it's probably not possible to assert a definitive answer to your question, and I don't pretend to be knowledgeable about _all_ the regulations that address this issue. I was hoping that I wouldn't have to do the work of searching FAAO 7110.65, but here's what I found: http://www.faa.gov/regulations_polic...a/7110.65R.pdf 2-1-16. SURFACE AREAS a. Coordinate with the appropriate nonapproach control tower on an individual aircraft basis before issuing a clearance which would require flight within a surface area for which the tower has responsibility unless otherwise specified in a letter of agreement. REFERENCE- FAAO 7210.3, Letters of Agreement, Para 4-3-1. 14 CFR Section 91.127, Operating on or in the Vicinity of an Airport in Class E Airspace. P/CG Term- Surface Area. b. Coordinate with the appropriate control tower for transit authorization when you are providing radar traffic advisory service to an aircraft that will enter another facility's airspace. NOTE- The pilot is not expected to obtain his/her own authorization through each area when in contact with a radar facility. c. Transfer communications to the appropriate facility, if required, prior to operation within a surface area for which the tower has responsibility. REFERENCE- FAAO 7110.65, Radio Communications Transfer, Para 2-1-17. FAAO 7110.65, Surface Area Restrictions, Para 3-1-11. FAAO 7110.65, Application, Para 7-6-1. 14 CFR Section 91.129, Operations in Class D Airspace. Section 9. Class B Service Area- Terminal 7-9-2. VFR AIRCRAFT IN CLASS B AIRSPACE a. VFR aircraft must obtain an ATC clearance to operate in Class B airspace. REFERENCE- FAAO 7110.65, Operational Requests, Para 2-1-18. FAAO 7110.65, Airspace Classes, Para 2-4-22. PHRASEOLOGY- CLEARED THROUGH/TO ENTER/OUT OF BRAVO AIRSPACE, 2-1-18. OPERATIONAL REQUESTS Respond to a request from another controller, a pilot or vehicle operator by one of the following verbal means: a. Restate the request in complete or abbreviated terms followed by the word "APPROVED." The phraseology "APPROVED AS REQUESTED" may be substituted in lieu of a lengthy readback. PHRASEOLOGY- (Requested operation) APPROVED. or APPROVED AS REQUESTED. b. State restrictions followed by the word "APPROVED." PHRASEOLOGY- (Restriction and/or additional instructions, requested operation) APPROVED. c. State the word "UNABLE" and, time permitting, a reason. PHRASEOLOGY- UNABLE (requested operation). and when necessary, (reason and/or additional instructions.) d. State the words "STAND BY." NOTE- "STAND BY" is not an approval or denial. The controller acknowledges the request and will respond at a later time. REFERENCE- FAAO 7110.65, Traffic Advisories, Para 2-1-21. FAAO 7110.65, Route or Altitude Amendments, Para 4-2-5. FAAO 7110.65, Methods, Para 7-9-3. 5-4-5. TRANSFERRING CONTROLLER HANDOFF The transferring controller shall: a. Complete a radar handoff prior to an aircraft's entering the airspace delegated to the receiving controller. REFERENCE- FAAO 7110.65, Coordinate Use of Airspace, Para 2-1-14. FAAO 7110.65, Control Transfer, Para 2-1-15. FAAO 7110.65, Receiving Controller Handoff, Para 5-4-6. b. Verbally obtain the receiving controller's approval prior to making any changes to an aircraft's flight path, altitude, or data block information while the handoff is being initiated or after acceptance, unless otherwise specified by a LOA or a facility directive. NOTE- Those en route facilities using host software that provides capability for passing interim altitude shall include the specific operations and procedures for use of this procedure in a LOA between the appropriate facilities. c. Ensure that, prior to transferring communications: 1. Potential violations of adjacent airspace and potential conflicts between aircraft in their own area of jurisdiction are resolved. 2. Necessary coordination has been accomplished with all controllers through whose area of jurisdiction the aircraft will pass prior to entering the receiving controller's area of jurisdiction, except when such coordination is the receiving controller's responsibility as stated in para 5-4-6, Receiving Controller Handoff, and unless otherwise specified by a LOA or a facility directive. 3. Restrictions issued to ensure separation are passed to the receiving controller. d. After transferring communications, continue to comply with the requirements of subparas c1 and 2. e. Comply with restrictions issued by the receiving controller unless otherwise coordinated. f. Comply with the provisions of para 2-1-17, Radio Communications Transfer, subparas a and b. To the extent possible, transfer communications when the transfer of radar identification has been accepted. NOTE- Before the ARTS/STARS "modify/quick look" function is used to transfer radar identification, a facility directive which specifies communication transfer points is required. g. Advise the receiving controller of pertinent information not contained in the data block or flight progress strip unless covered in a LOA or facility directive. Pertinent information includes: 1. Assigned heading. 2. Air speed restrictions. 3. Altitude information issued. 4. Observed track or deviation from the last route clearance. 5. The beacon code if different from that normally used or previously coordinated. 6. Any other pertinent information. h. Ensure that the data block is associated with the appropriate target. i. Initiate verbal coordination to verify the position of primary or nondiscrete targets when using the automated handoff functions except for intrafacility handoffs using single-sensor systems or multisensor systems operating in a mosaic RDP mode. j. Initiate verbal coordination before transferring control of a track when "CST", "FAIL", "NONE", "NB", "NX", "IF", or "NT" is displayed in the data block. k. Advise the receiving controller that radar monitoring is required when the aircraft is on a direct route initiated by ATC that exceeds usable NAVAID distances. l. Issue restrictions to the receiving controller which are necessary to maintain separation from other aircraft within your area of jurisdiction before releasing control of the aircraft. m. Consider the target being transferred as identified on the receiving controller's display when the receiving controller acknowledges receipt verbally or has accepted an automated handoff. n. Accomplish the necessary coordination with any intervening controllers whose area of jurisdiction is affected by the receiving controller's delay in the climb or the descent of an aircraft through the vertical limits of your area of jurisdiction when the receiving controller advises you of that delay before accepting the transfer of radar identification unless otherwise specified by a LOA or a facility directive. 5-4-6. RECEIVING CONTROLLER HANDOFF The receiving controller shall: a. Ensure that the target position corresponds with the position given by the transferring controller or that there is an appropriate association between an automated data block and the target being transferred before accepting a handoff. REFERENCE- FAAO 7110.65, Coordinate Use of Airspace, Para 2-1-14. FAAO 7110.65, Control Transfer, Para 2-1-15. FAAO 7110.65, Transferring Controller Handoff, Para 5-4-5. b. Issue restrictions that are needed for the aircraft to enter your sector safely before accepting the handoff. c. Comply with restrictions issued by the initiating controller unless otherwise coordinated. d. Before you issue control instructions directly to an aircraft that is within another controller's area of jurisdiction that will change that aircraft's heading, route, speed, altitude, or beacon code, ensure that coordination has been accomplished with each of the controllers listed below whose area of jurisdiction is affected by those instructions unless otherwise specified by a LOA or a facility directive: NOTE- Those en route facilities using host software that provides capability for passing interim altitude shall include the specific operations and procedures for use of this procedure in a LOA between the appropriate facilities. 1. The controller within whose area of jurisdiction the control instructions will be issued. 2. Any intervening controller(s) through whose area of jurisdiction the aircraft will pass. e. After accepting a handoff from another controller, confirm the identity of primary target by advising the aircraft of its position, and of a beacon target by observing a code change, an "ident" reply, or a "standby" squawk unless one of these was used during handoff. These provisions do not apply at those towers and GCAs which have been delegated the responsibility for providing radar separation within designated areas by the parent approach control facility and the aircraft identification is assured by sequencing or positioning prior to the handoff. REFERENCE- FAAO 7110.65, Approach Separation Responsibility, Para 5-9-5. f. When using appropriate equipment, consider a discrete beacon target's identity to be confirmed when: 1. The data block associated with the target being handed off indicates the computer assigned discrete beacon code is being received, or 2. You observe the deletion of a discrete code that was displayed in the data block, or NOTE- When the aircraft generated discrete beacon code does not match the computer assigned beacon code, the code generated will be displayed in the data block. When the aircraft changes to the assigned discrete code, the code disappears from the data block. In this instance, the observance of code removal from the data block satisfies confirmation requirements. 3. You observe the numeric display of a discrete code that an aircraft has been instructed to squawk or reports squawking. g. Initiate verbal coordination prior to accepting control of a track when "CST", "NAT", "NT", "NONE", "NB", "NX", "OLD", "OL", "AMB", "AM", or "TU" is displayed in the data block. 1. When an automated interfacility handoff action is initiated and "AMB" or "AM" is displayed in the full data block, advise the other facility that a disparity exists between the position declared by their ... 5-4-10. PREARRANGED COORDINATION Prearranged coordination allowing aircraft under your control to enter another controller's area of jurisdiction may only be approved provided procedures are established and published in a facility directive/LOA in accordance with FAAO 7210.3, para 3-7-7, Prearranged Coordination. NOTE- Under no circumstances may one controller permit an aircraft to enter another's airspace without proper coordination. Coordination can be accomplished by several means; i.e., radar handoff, automated information transfer, verbal, point-out, and by prearranged coordination procedures identified in a facility directive that clearly describe the correct application. Airspace boundaries should not be permitted to become barriers to the efficient movement of traffic. In addition, complete coordination, awareness of traffic flow, and understanding of each position's responsibility concerning penetration of another's airspace cannot be overemphasized. REFERENCE- FAAO 7110.65, Coordinate Use of Airspace, Para 2-1-14. FAAO 7110.65, Transfer of Radar Identification, Methods, Para 5-4-3. FAAO 7110.65, Automated Information Transfer (AIT), Para 5-4-8. FAAO 7210.3, Prearranged Coordination, Para 3-7-7. I'll let you do the work of interpreting the above and continuing the search for pertinent sections.... Where's Mr. McNicoll when you need him? :-) |
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On Apr 12, 5:28 pm, C Booth wrote:
snip unfortunate airspace bust What a coinky-dink... I did the same in my pal's Aztec a few years ago flying back to CT from Reading, PA. I had a decent tailwind & GS was over 200kts and was on with NY approach coming up on JFK. Right about then I got that bad feeling that I just screwed up and realized I never asked for a Bravo clearance. Oops. Nothing came of it, I suspect, because I'm competant on the radio and that controller's sector was pretty busy that day so he probably didn't have the time to bust me. Whew. File that one away under "Stupid Pilot Tricks". |
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On Apr 12, 5:28 pm, C Booth wrote:
I was flying out of VGT last month (North Las Vegas) heading back to SLC in an Aztec after a great round of Golf. After getting VFR clearance from ground to MMM (Mormon Mesa Vortac) which is ENE of Vegas. Cleared for takeoff and given a heading from the tower, then handed off to Nellis aproach. The controler gives me heading and asks intention and sounds like she has marbles in her mouth. I ask her to repeat instructions and finally get her instructions read back. I am squawking a descreat code and continuing to follow instructions from Nellis getting vectored out of the way of inbound F-18's and even a B-2. All of a sudden out of the blue she calls me and asks me if I have class B clearance. I gulp hard a couple of times, in all the vectors and hand offs I realize that I have not received clearance...I fess up and say noooo. She says "Well, you're right smack in the middle of Class B airspace". That's it, no instructions. I say, "Well..., can I get clearance now, or do you want me to go somewhere?" She gives me the clearance. Whew, first time that has ever happened to me. I am usually very careful not to bust airspace. Needless to say I was embarassed but in other instances where I have been vectored into Class B, such as in this instance, I have always been given the clearance. I know that it is my responsibility to get the clearance before flying into the airspace, but if they are giving vectors to penetrate the airspace, are they at fault as well? Maybe I should file a NASA report just to be safe, what do you think? Just thought an aviation based thread might be good for the group. Cbooth SEL MEL Instrument Hello You should file a NASA report promptly. I doubt anything will come of it, but a NASA report in any event will go into the data base on Class Bravo incursions (inadvertant) and will work out to both the system and other benefits (not to mention some possible ones for you). I have read your post a few times...it has been so long since I flew VFR out there but...a couple of questions come to mind if you are interested in pursuing this. My trick in dealing VFR with class B airspace is on the initial call up to request "clearance through the Bravo" in ANY event if you even think that you are going to come anywhere close to it. "Radar contact" and "Clearance through the Bravo" seem the same but they are not...particularly when you are not landing at the Bravo "surface" airport. I doubt anything will come of it because the controller made an internal error (I believe I have asked some FSDO people about this and have a name that will tell me on the record what the controller "internal policies" are to perfunctory clear you through if they start giving vectors) by giving and you accepting vectors and then "discovering" that you were "smack dab" in the middle of the airspace. This is true particularly on a "handoff" from a tower controller. A NASA report would be a good plan Robert CFII/MEI ATP |
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On 2007-04-12 15:28:32 -0700, C Booth said:
Maybe I should file a NASA report just to be safe, what do you think? File the NASA report. These reports are very valuable in identifying problem areas like this. This sort of thing happens altogether too often at Las Vegas. -- Waddling Eagle World Famous Flight Instructor |
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C Booth wrote:
I was flying out of VGT last month (North Las Vegas) heading back to SLC in an Aztec after a great round of Golf. After getting VFR clearance from ground to MMM (Mormon Mesa Vortac) which is ENE of Vegas. Cleared for takeoff and given a heading from the tower, then handed off to Nellis aproach. The controler gives me heading and asks intention and sounds like she has marbles in her mouth. I ask her to repeat instructions and finally get her instructions read back. I am squawking a descreat code and continuing to follow instructions from Nellis getting vectored out of the way of inbound F-18's and even a B-2. All of a sudden out of the blue she calls me and asks me if I have class B clearance. I gulp hard a couple of times, in all the vectors and hand offs I realize that I have not received clearance...I fess up and say noooo. She says "Well, you're right smack in the middle of Class B airspace". That's it, no instructions. I say, "Well..., can I get clearance now, or do you want me to go somewhere?" She gives me the clearance. Whew, first time that has ever happened to me. I am usually very careful not to bust airspace. Needless to say I was embarassed but in other instances where I have been vectored into Class B, such as in this instance, I have always been given the clearance. I know that it is my responsibility to get the clearance before flying into the airspace, but if they are giving vectors to penetrate the airspace, are they at fault as well? Maybe I should file a NASA report just to be safe, what do you think? Just thought an aviation based thread might be good for the group. Cbooth SEL MEL Instrument NASA form for sure. |
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C Booth wrote:
.... deleted stuff ... B-2. All of a sudden out of the blue she calls me and asks me if I have class B clearance. I gulp hard a couple of times, in all the vectors and hand offs I realize that I have not received clearance...I fess up and say noooo. She says "Well, you're right smack in the middle of Class B airspace". That's it, no instructions. I say, "Well..., can I get clearance now, or do you want me to go somewhere?" She gives me the clearance. .... deleted ... Cbooth SEL MEL Instrument SEL MEL Instrument NB/NBE (no brain, or no brain engaged) would be a better by-line. Oh yeah, let's see. You are just the kind of guy we all love to fly with. -- "Religion began when the first scoundrel met the first fool." —- Voltaire |
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