Angle of Attack Indicators

As I understand it, when jet aircraft were flown from aircraft
carriers, procedures and equipment used with piston aircraft proved
inadequate, and the United States adopted a set of devices developed
by the British, including the angled deck, the optical glide path, and
the angle of attack indicator. By the time the Douglas Skyhawk was
built, the angle of attack (AOA) indicator was used with a head up
display.

Was the head up display used from the beginning, or were there earlier
types of AOA indicators with some type of panel display?

Were AOA indicators retrofitted to earlier types of aircraft designed
without AOA equipment?

When did AOA indicators begin to be installed on Air Force planes?

Thank you,
Peter Wezeman
anti-social Darwinist