Let L-410 Turbolet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_L-410_Turbolet

The Let L 410 Turbolet is a twin-engine short-range transport aircraft,
manufactured by the Czech aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice (named Aircraft
Industries since 2005), often used as an airliner. The aircraft is capable of
landing on short and unpaved runways and operating under extreme conditions from
+50 °C (122 °F) to -50 °C (-58 °F). In 2016, 1,200 L 410 have been built and
over 350 are in service in more than 50 countries.

Development of the L 410 was started in the 1960s by the Czechoslovak aircraft
manufacturer Let Kunovice. The Soviet airline Aeroflot was looking for a
turboprop-powered replacement for the Antonov An-2 aircraft, initiating the
design development by Let. After preliminary studies of an aircraft called the L
400, a new version was introduced called the L 410 Turbolet. The first
prototype, designated XL 410, flew on April 16, 1969. Because of delays in the
development of a suitable Czech engine (Walter M601), the prototype and first
production version were powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6-27 engines.

After M601 development was completed, the PT6 engine was replaced by M601
engines coupled with Avia V508 three-blade propellers and the next variant was
introduced, the L 410M.

A further version for Aeroflot was the L 410 UVP. This has improved performance
in take-off and landing due to increased wing and tail area - STOL. However, due
to an increased empty weight and a shift in the center of gravity, the aircraft
had a decreased seating capacity: 15 passengers.

The L 410 UVP-E (the most common variant of the L 410) has increased maximum
take-off weight to 6400 kg, M601E engines with increased power, new five-blade
propellers designated V 510 and the provision for wing tip tanks to increase
fuel quantity. First flight was made in 1984, and production started in 1986.

The L 410 UVP-E is an unpressurized all-metal high-wing commuter aircraft, with
Avia V 510 five-blade propellers. It is equipped with a retractable
undercarriage. The aircraft uses two hydraulic circuits: main and emergency. The
main electrical system operates with 28V DC. The de-icing system is leading edge
pneumatic deicers and electrical heating of propellers, cockpit windshields and
pitot-static system heads. Maximum take-off weight of the L 410 UVP-E is 6400 kg
with the possibility of an increase to 6600 kg for the E9 and E20 variants,
seating capacity 17 to 19. Cruise speed is 170 KIAS, maximum range about 770
nautical miles (1,430 km). The airplane is certified for IFR operation, CAT I
ILS approach, and flights in icing conditions.

The L 410 UVP-E20 is certified on the basis of FAR 23 either Amendment 34 or
Amendment 41. It is certified by the EU, the Russian Federation, the US, Brazil,
Argentina, Chile, Peru, Venezuela, Cuba, India, Nepal, Philippines, Korea,
Indonesia, Republic of South Africa, Algeria, Australia, Taiwan, Turkey, and
many other countries accepting some of the previous certificates. The aircraft
has also been approved for operation in a number of other countries, such as
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Tunisia, Colombia, Venezuela, South Korea and others.


Role
Regional airliner, cargo aircraft

Manufacturer
Let Kunovice

First flight
16 April 1969

Introduction
1970

Status
In service

Produced
1971–present

Number built
1,200

Unit cost

L 410 UVP-E20: $6.3 Million (2016)

Many L 410 were delivered to the former Soviet Union and ex-Soviet states and
stayed there and in Russia, but some have been also sold to airlines in Asia,
Africa, Central America, and South America. Forty aircraft are in use throughout
Europe for commercial operation or skydiving.

Notable accidents

The L 410 has experienced 116 accidents with 426 fatalities. With at least 20
fatal crashes from 2003 to 2013, it is one of the most accident-prone aircraft.
However, the operator's safety rating and operations procedures are more
important than the aircraft design, and the L-410 operate where most aircraft
cannot, in rugged mountains and jungles, often onto grass or gravel runways; the
latest LET L 410 UVP-E20 and L 420 produced since 1990 have an excellent safety
record.

Specifications (L 410 UVP-E20)

General characteristics
Capacity: 19 passengers / 1,800 kg (3,968 lb) payload
Length: 14.42 m (47 ft 4 in)
Wingspan: 19.98 m (65 ft 7 in)
Height: 5.97 m (19 ft 7 in)
Wing area: 34.86 m2 (375.2 sq ft)
Aspect ratio: 11.45
Airfoil: root: NACA 63A418; tip: NACA 63A412
Empty weight: 4,200 kg (9,259 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 6,600 kg (14,551 lb)
Fuel capacity: 1,300 kg (2,866 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × General Electric H80-200 turboprop engines, 597 kW (801 hp) each
Propellers: 5-bladed Avia AV 725, 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) diameter

Performance
Cruise speed: 405 km/h (252 mph, 219 kn) max cruise
Range: 510 km (320 mi, 280 nmi) 1,800 kg (3,968 lb) payload, ISA, FL140, 45 min
reserve
Endurance: 5 hours 6 minutes
Service ceiling: 8,382 m (27,500 ft)
Rate of climb: 8.5 m/s (1,670 ft/min)

Fuel consumption: 240 kg/h (529 lb/h)
Take-off run: 510 m (1,673 ft) (ISA, SL, MTOW)
Landing run: 500 m (1,640 ft) (ISA, SL, MTOW)




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